URBANIZATION OF NORTHEAST RUS IN THE 11TH - THE FIRST HALF OF THE 13TH CENTURY AD: THE SIZE OF SETTLEMENTS

Issue 4 from 01.10.2017

В статье представлены данные о размерах городов Северо-Восточной Руси XI - первой половины XIII в., уточненные по материалам полевых работ последних десятилетий. Рассмотрены методические подходы к определению городских территорий, в состав которых правомерно включать не только укрепленную часть поселения, но и участки с культурным слоем с внешней стороны оборонительных сооружений, выявленные в результате новых полевых изысканий. Размеры городских территорий второй половины XII - первой половины XIII в. варьируют от 4-7 (Ярополч, Гороховец) до 90-200 (Городец Радилов, Владимир, Ростов) га. Суммарная площадь участков с культурным слоем XII-XIII вв., документированная полевыми работами в городах Северо-Восточной Руси, составляет около 840 га, с учетом неполноты археологических данных она может быть скорректирована до 1200-1300 га. Новые материалы подтверждают наблюдение о том, что урбанизация Северо-Восточной Руси с заметным ростом числа городов, значительным расширением городских территорий и формированием специфических культурных традиций, не свойственных сельским поселениям, - явление второй половины XII - начала XIII в.

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THE ETHICS IN ARCHAEOLOGY AND THE POLICY OF THE JOURNAL

Issue 4 from 01.10.2013

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THE LAND AND THE CITY: MEDIEVAL ANCIENT SETTLEMENT IN THE SURROUNDING OF VLADIMIR-UPON-KLYAZMA

Issue 4 from 01.10.2013

This work considers the results of the studies cycle in the south part of Vladimir-Suzdal Opolje on the territories not far from the border of Suzdal and Vladimir principalities of the 14 ^thc., which were to the south of this border. As the result of 2006–2013 field studies, the data about 103 archaeological monuments and locations in the south part of Opolje on the total territory of approximately 105 square meters was gathered. New materials show that the exploration of the south part of Vladimir-Yurjev Opolje by the Old Russian colonists started not later than in the second half of the 10 ^th c. and was dynamically developing in the 11 ^th – the beginning of the 12 ^th c. By the time of Vladimir became the independent volost of Andrej Yurjevich the dense net of village settlements had been there. The net was the part of the common mass of the medieval settlements formed on the territory of the whole Opolje. The organization of the settlement in “Vladimir” part of Opolje was basically close to the structures studied in the surrounding of Suzdal. The organization is the dense net formed by large settlements covering riverside parts and water partings and is of framenet character. The feature of the settlement development in the south part of Opolje is that in the second half of the 13 ^th–14 ^th cc. the stable existence of about half of the large settlements here was interrupted. They were completely deserted, moved to new places or decreased significantly. Apparently the decline was connected to the Mongol overthrow and the war events of the second half of the 13 ^thc. Obviously the war cataclysms and political instability impacted not only on the condition of the capital city but also on the existed agricultural system having broken the stability and steadiness of the village settlements including those which were already formed in the second half of the 10 ^th–11 ^th cc.

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