<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian archeology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Russian archeology</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-6063</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5774</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Academy of Science</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S086960630010955-9</article-id><title-group><article-title>Historical heritage, archaeological ethics and the social role of archaeology</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Историческое наследие, археологическая этика и социальная роль археологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8469-6583</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shnirelman</surname><given-names>Viktor</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шнирельман</surname><given-names>Виктор Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>shnirv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт этнологии и антропологии им. Н.Н. Миклухо-Маклая РАН</institution><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Miklouho-Maclay Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology RAS</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-09-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>09</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><issue>3</issue><fpage>125</fpage><lpage>137</lpage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>With the growing popularity of “policy for history” archaeological materials and historical heritage are increasingly becoming an essential political resource. At present, it is not only the state that is interested in it but also a variety of community and religious groups, political movements, indigenous peoples and ethnic minorities, and commercial enterprises. Under such conditions, archaeology has intruded into the sphere of politics unexpectedly for itself so it has to deal with topical problems that require discussion of important ethical issues. This article considers such issues in the context of the relationships of archaeologists with indigenous peoples, approaches to regions’ history, the activities of business structures, primarily in the field of tourism, a mass of pseudoscientific concepts, response to mass migration, as well as heated ethnic conflicts. The author discusses some approaches to solving such pressing problems.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>С ростом популярности «исторической политики» археологические материалы и историческое наследие все чаще превращаются в важный политический ресурс. Сегодня интерес к этому питает не только государство, но и разнообразные общественные и религиозные группы, политические движения, коренные народы и этнические меньшинства, коммерческие предприятия. В таких условиях неожиданно для себя археология вторгается в сферу политики, и ей приходится иметь дело с острыми вопросами, требующими обсуждения важных этических проблем. В данной статье такие проблемы рассматриваются в связи с взаимоотношениями археологов с коренными народами, с подходами к региональному прошлому, с деятельностью коммерческих структур, прежде всего в сфере туризма, с лавиной паранаучных построений, с реакцией на массовую миграцию, а также с острыми этническими конфликтами. Обсуждаются подходы к решению таких острых проблем.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>archaeology</kwd><kwd>historical heritage</kwd><kwd>ethics</kwd><kwd>indigenous peoples</kwd><kwd>pseudoscience</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>археология</kwd><kwd>историческое наследие</kwd><kwd>этика</kwd><kwd>коренные народы</kwd><kwd>паранаука</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Статья публикуется в соответствии с планом НИР Института этнологии и антропологии им. Н.Н. Миклухо-Маклая РАН.</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The article is published in accordance with the research plan of the N.N. Miklouho-Maclay Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology RAS.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>B1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abu El-Haj N., 1998. Translating truths: Nationalism, the practice of archaeology, and the remaking of past and present in contemporary Jerusalem. American Ethnologist, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 166–188.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Беляев Л.А. В.А. Кореняко и проблемы этики в археологии: к публи-кации «Проекта кодекса российского археолога» // «И музою ему была наука»: сб. памяти В.А. Кореняко (1952–2016) / Ред. и сост.: С.В. Кузьминых, А.А. Горбенко. Азов: АИАиПМЗ, 2017. 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