<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian archeology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Russian archeology</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-6063</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5774</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Academy of Science</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S086960630010958-2</article-id><title-group><article-title>Early medieval amphora with a Hebrew inscription on the lead seal from Phanagoria</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Раннесредневековая амфора с древнееврейской надписью на свинцовой пломбе из Фанагории</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1743-5057</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Golofast</surname><given-names>Larisa</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Голофаст</surname><given-names>Лариса А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>larisa_golofast@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт археологии РАН</institution><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Archaeology RAS</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-09-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>09</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><issue>3</issue><fpage>159</fpage><lpage>172</lpage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article presents an amphora found in Phanagoria in the layer of the last quarter of the 9th–early 10th century. It bears a dipinto in black and two graffiti (its interpretation by A.Yu. Vinogradov is given in the Supplement). Of great interest is the lead seal inserted into one of its handles with a Hebrew inscription interpreted by Prof. Shaul Shaked. The practice of stamping amphorae with lead seals was never used in antique or medieval periods which makes this find really unique. The Hebrew language was not intended for everyday communication and was usually used for cult and ritual purposes. Hebrew inscriptions and Judaic symbols on amphorae were sings of the kosher product contained in it. Moreover, the vessels themselves were also produced according to special rules, most likely, within Jewish communities for transportation of such products and supply of other Jewish communities. Thus, the amphora can be regarded as the archaeological evidence of the presence of the Judaic community in Phanagoria in the “Khazarian” period. Taking into account the significance the Jews attached to the production and transportation of kosher products it is logical to suppose that amphora was brought to Phanagoria by Jewish merchants, Radhanites, known from the “Book of Ways and Lands” by ibn Hordadbeh (IX c.) and “Concise Book of Lands” by ibn al-Faqih (903).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В статье представлена амфора, найденная в Фанагории в слое конца IX – начала X в. Амфора примечательна формой, аналогии которой пока найти не удалось, до сих пор неизвестным способом клеймения (клеймо нанесено на свинцовую пломбу, залитую в одну из ручек сосуда), а также клеймом с древнееврейской надписью. Древнееврейские надписи и иудейские символы на сосудах были знаком кошерности содержащихся в них продуктов, т.е. были произведены в соответствии c иудейскими законами ритуальной чистоты. Более того, сами сосуды также изготавливались по особым правилам, скорее всего иудейскими общинами специально для транспортировки таких продуктов и снабжения ими других общин иудеев. Таким образом, публикуемая находка на сегодняшний день – единственное археологическое свидетельство присутствия в городе в «хазарское» время иудейской общины, о существовании которой в Фанагории было известно только по письменным источникам («Хронография» византийского историка Феофана Исповедника). Вероятно, в Фанагорию амфора была доставлена еврейскими купцами-раданитами, которые играли большую роль в торговле между Востоком и Западом и принимали деятельное участие в протяженной и разветвленной системе международных экономических связей, окончательно сформировавшейся в течение VIII в.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Phanagoria</kwd><kwd>early medieval period</kwd><kwd>amphora</kwd><kwd>lead seal</kwd><kwd>Hebrew inscription</kwd><kwd>Radhanites</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Фанагория</kwd><kwd>раннесредневековый период</kwd><kwd>амфора</kwd><kwd>свинцовая пломба</kwd><kwd>древнееврейская надпись</kwd><kwd>раданиты</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>B1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Айбабин А.И. Этническая история ранневизантийского Крыма. Симферополь: Дар, 1999. 351 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Artamonov M.I., 2001. 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