Leonard F. Nedashkovsky

The settled regions of the Golden Horde had a well developed agriculture. The main crop was millet, followed by rye, wheat, barley, oat and peas. Hunting, was mainly for furs and had little importance as a source of meat in comparison with livestock, which was popular not only among nomads but was also exported to India, Persia and European countries. Fishing was also well-developed and the products were exported abroad. Sturgeon and white sturgeon were an especially important food item. Among trades, sa extraction, honey, grasses and roots gathering should be mentioned. Ulus Jochi had crafts that were well-developed for the time in question. The Golden Horde Volga region had very wide trade relations: Rus, Western and Central Europe, Black Sea region, Mediterranean, Near and Middle East, Central Asia, India, China, Korea.