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The article analyzes fundamental historical approach, a general methodological principle of historical research which aims at studying the historical process in its definite spatial, chronological and social limits. Application of specific historical approach allows to connect source studies with general sociological disciplines. A.N. Rogachev’s achievement is in the discovery and conscious application of this approach to Paleolithic studies. Without denying the possibility of finding general historical patterns in prehistorical times, A.N. Rogachev protested against attempts at sociological generalizations which were not preceded by clarifying the peculiarities of the historical process on the basis of specific material. His concept doubtlessly had enormous influence on modern Paleolithic studies.